A study shows that while identical twins look alike, they are not clones. Scientists analyzed DNA from 387 pairs of identical twins. They looked for mutations in the early stages of development. A mutation is a change in the sequence of the DNA. This can occur when a cell splits. A change can cause slight differences in the DNA when it splits. A tiny change can create differences in height, intelligence, eye color, and how easy it is to catch a disease. The study shows that in about 15 percent of identical twins, one twin had many mutations that the other did not have. This difference helps explain the "nature versus nurture" debate - whether socializing and upbringing affect human behavior. 

 

 

 

해석

더보기

한 연구는 일란성 쌍둥이가 비슷해 보이지만 복제품은 아니라는 것을 보여준다. 과학자들은 387쌍의 일란성 쌍둥이의 DNA를 분석했다. 그들은 발달의 초기 단계에서 돌연변이를 찾았다. 돌연변이는 DNA의 배열(순서) 변화이다. 이것은 세포가 분열할 때 발생할 수 있다. 변화는 분열할 때 DNA에 약간의 차이를 일으킬 수 있다. 작은 변화는 키, 지능, 눈 색깔, 그리고 질병에 걸리는 것이 얼마나 쉬운지에 차이를 만들 수 있다. 이 연구는 일란성 쌍둥이의 약 15%에서 한 쌍둥이가 다른 쌍둥이에게는 없는 많은 돌연변이를 가졌다는 것을 보여준다. 이 차이는 사회화와 양육이 인간의 행동에 영향을 미치는지에 대한 "자연 대 양육" 논쟁을 설명하는 데 도움이 된다.

 

 

 

 

Identical : 동일한, 똑같은

: a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other

ex) I've got three identical blue suits.

 

 

 

Mutation : 돌연변이

: the way in which genes change and produce permanent differences

 

 

 

Sequence :  (일련의) 연속적인 사건들, 순서[차례]

: a series of related things or events, or the order in which they follow each other

 

 

 

Split : 분열되다, 분열(쪼개지다), 나뉘다, 의견이갈리다.

:to (cause to) divide into two or more parts, especially along a particular line

ex) The band have reportedly decided to split up.

전하는 바에 따르면 그 밴드가 해체하기로 결정했다고 한다.

 

 

 

Debate : 논란, 논쟁

: (a) serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part

ex) This debate will run and run! 

이 논쟁은 끊임없이 계속될 거예요!

 

 

 

Upbringing : 양육, 훈육, (가정) 교육

:  the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation 

to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions

ex) have[receive] a strict upbringing

ex)  had a Christian upbringing.

ex) Upbringing plays an important part in determining a person’s character.

한 사람의 성격을 결정하는 데는 그 사람의 가정교육이 중요한 역할을 한다.

 

 

 

 

 

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우연히 유튜브 채널 '천재이승국' 에서 그가 AI 챗봇을 사용해본 후기를 보게됐다. 보자마자 바로 검색해서 사용해봤는데 네이버에 "ChatGPT"라고 검색하면 바로 상단에 뜬다. 회원가입은 기존 구글 계정으로 빠르게 하고 로긴 후 무료로 사용할 수 있는데 (무료라는게 진짜 대박인 부분) 왜냐하면 시중에 영어를 첨삭해주는 어플들 중에 실제로 유료 결제를 해야만 사용할 수 있는 어플리케이션이 많기 때문에, 심지어 유료 결제로 사용해도 뭔가 썩 퀄리티가 석연치 않은 부분이 많다. 근데 이 챗봇은 무료인데 언어 전문 챗봇이다보니 상상 이상으로 엄청난 퀄리티를 자랑한다.

https://youtu.be/f4U1FCJJjpQ

 



실제로 어떤 퀄리티인지 캡쳐본을 올려보겠다. 나는 처음에 내가 만든 영어 문장을 첨삭 해줄 수 있겠느냐고 물어보았다.





Me - "와, 좋은 조언이야. 고마워. 그리고 내가 만든 영어문장이 있는데, 이거 확인하고 고쳐줄 수 있어?"

AI - "물론, 내가 너의 영어 문장을 도와줄 수 있어서 기뻐. 내게 보여죠. 최선을 다해서 피드백하고 더 나은걸 제시해줄게."

Me - "응 이건 사실 내가 어떤 그림을 보고 묘사한 것들인데, 안타깝지만 너에게 그림을 보여줄 순 없어. 그치만 내가 말해줄 수 있는건 이 문장들은 현재 시제를 기반으로 하고있고 몇몇은 과거 시제야. 이해했어?"

AI - "응 이해했어. 너는 현재시제와 과거 시제를 기반으로 묘사했다고. 너가 문장을 공유해준다면 문법의 정확도에 대해 최선을 다해 확인해줄게. 그리고 가능하면 나은 것들을 제시할게."

Me - "좋아. 첫번째 문장은 "그녀는 지하철 의자에 앉아서 책을 읽고있다. 그리고 한 남자는 그녀의 옆에 앉아 있고 피곤해 보인다. 왜냐하면 그는 자고있기 때문이다. 그러나 그들은 평화롭고 편안해 보인다." 이 문장에 혹시 문제가 있니? 문법적으로 말이야."



이런식으로 첫번째부터 여섯번째까지 내가 만든 영어 문장을 첨삭 받았는데 아래는 네번째 문장에 대한 첨삭 내용이다. 한눈에 봐도 굉장히 섬세하고 디테일하게, 고퀄리티로 첨삭을 도와주는데 정말로 이건 대박.. 평소에 첨삭이 필요할 때 마다 주로 "lang8"이라는 사이트에서 실제 원어민들에게 첨삭을 받아오곤 했는데, 언제 답장이 올라올지 정확히 알 수 없다는 단점이 있긴 하나 그래도 내가 가장 유용하게 쓰는 사이트였다. (그래도 꽤나 빠른 시일 내로 누군가가 첨삭을 해줌) 무튼 lang8도 정말로 유용하고 좋은 사이트인건 분명하지만 이 AI 챗봇은 정말로 생각했던 것 이상이라서 영어 학습자에게 더할나위 없이 좋은 부분이라고 생각한다. 영작문을 교정하는 부분에 있어서 즉시 즉답을 받을 수 있으니까. 아래는 lang8 사이트이다.
https://lang-8.com/

여러가지 언어를 배우고 교환하는 곳 Lang-8

Lang-8 is the best place for learning and practicing foreign languages. Post an entry in the language you are learning, then a native speaker will correct your entries. Currently there are more than 80 languages available on Lang-8.

lang-8.com

 



사용해본 결과, 잘못된 전치사의 사용도 바로 잡아주고 꽤나 디테일하게 문법을 교정해주고 있다. 심지어 문법적으로 오류가 없더라고 다소 어색한 문장이라 판단되면 훨씬 자연스러운 표현 방법까지 제시해준다. 이거는 정말로 언어학습자에게는 엄청난 발견이 아닐 수가 없는.......



어쨌거나 이 글은 챗봇에 대한 후기이기도 하지만 나의 학습 정리가 목적이기도해서 이 챗봇에게 첨삭 받은 내용 그대로 정리를 해보려고 한다.

1. First sentence.

Okay good, first sentence is "She is sitting on the subway chair, and reading a book. And a man is sitting next to her and he looks tired. Because he is sleeping. But they looks peaceful and comfortable." Is this sentence has any wrong? I mean grammer problem.
 
 

This sentence is mostly grammatically correct, although there are a few minor errors and awkward phrasing. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"She is sitting in a subway chair and reading a book. A man is seated next to her, appearing tired as he dozes off. Despite that, both of them look peaceful and comfortable."

A couple of points to note:

  • "On the subway chair" has been changed to "in a subway chair" as "on" is usually used when someone is standing on a surface, while "in" is used when someone is seated inside a space.
  • "And he looks tired" has been changed to "appearing tired" for smoother phrasing.
  • "Because he is sleeping" has been changed to "as he dozes off" for more descriptive language.

 

 

2. Second sentence.

 
and second sentence is "At that time, she found a bag which looks like someone left. And it also looks like brief case. I think someone left it on their way to work." Is there something wrong?
 
 

The sentence is grammatically correct, but it could be phrased more clearly and concisely. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"She discovered a bag that appeared to have been left behind. It looked like a briefcase. She surmised that someone had forgotten it on their way to work."

A few points to note:

  • "At that time" has been omitted for more concise phrasing.
  • "Which looks like someone left" has been changed to "that appeared to have been left behind" for more descriptive language.
  • "I think someone left it on their way to work" has been changed to "She surmised that someone had forgotten it on their way to work" for clearer phrasing.
 
 
 

3. Third sentence.

This is third sentence "She opened the bag and trying to find a identification. And she got some information about the owner of the bag. And she is looking at the identification card carefully."
 
 

This sentence is grammatically correct, but it could benefit from some refinement for clearer and more concise phrasing. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"She opened the bag and searched for identification. She found some information about the owner and scrutinized the identification card carefully."

A few points to note:

  • "And trying to find a identification" has been changed to "and searched for identification" for clearer phrasing.
  • "And she got some information about the owner of the bag" has been changed to "She found some information about the owner" for more concise phrasing.
  • "And she is looking at the identification card carefully" has been changed to "She scrutinized the identification card carefully" for more descriptive language.

 

 

4. Fourth sentence.

 
This is fourth sentence. "She imagines that the owner of the bag is handsome. And she is calling him to inform she's got his bag. Maybe they are discussing about where they'll meet. And her face looks so full of expectation."
 

This sentence is grammatically correct, but it could benefit from some refinement for clearer and more concise phrasing. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"She envisioned the owner of the bag as handsome. She called him to inform him that she had found his bag, and they may have been arranging a meeting place. Her face was filled with anticipation."

A few points to note:

  • "She imagines that the owner of the bag is handsome" has been changed to "She envisioned the owner of the bag as handsome" for more descriptive language.
  • "And she is calling him to inform she's got his bag" has been changed to "She called him to inform him that she had found his bag" for clearer phrasing.
  • "Maybe they are discussing about where they'll meet" has been changed to "They may have been arranging a meeting place" for clearer phrasing.
  • "And her face looks so full of expectation" has been changed to "Her face was filled with anticipation" for more descriptive language.

 

 

5. Fifth sentence.

 
This is fifth. "She is waiting him at the meeting place in advance. And she looks absolutely full of expectations about his first impression. Maybe she is thinking that a nice, handsome guy will come."
 

 

This sentence has some grammatical errors, and could benefit from some refinement for clearer and more concise phrasing. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"She arrived early at the meeting place, brimming with anticipation about the owner's first impression. Perhaps she was imagining that a kind, handsome man would come."

A few points to note:

  • "She is waiting him at the meeting place in advance" has been changed to "She arrived early at the meeting place" for clearer phrasing.
  • "And she looks absolutely full of expectations about his first impression" has been changed to "She was brimming with anticipation about the owner's first impression" for more descriptive language.
  • "Maybe she is thinking that a nice, handsome guy will come" has been changed to "Perhaps she was imagining that a kind, handsome man would come" for more descriptive language.

 

 

6. The final sentence.

 
This is final sentence. "But the man who appeared at the meeting place is not handsome guy. He looks so fat and more older than his picture. Besides, even he looks he didn't shave at all. And she is really disappointed about his appearance that she didn't expect."
 

 

This sentence has some grammatical errors, and could benefit from some refinement for clearer and more concise phrasing. Here's a revised version with suggested improvements:

"However, the man who arrived at the meeting place was not the handsome guy she imagined. He was overweight, older than his photo, and appeared unkempt, with unshaven facial hair. She was greatly disappointed by his appearance, as it was not what she had expected."

A few points to note:

  • "But the man who appeared at the meeting place is not handsome guy" has been changed to "However, the man who arrived at the meeting place was not the handsome guy she imagined" for clearer phrasing.
  • "He looks so fat and more older than his picture" has been changed to "He was overweight, older than his photo" for clearer and more concise phrasing.
  • "Besides, even he looks he didn't shave at all" has been changed to "and appeared unkempt, with unshaven facial hair" for clearer and more descriptive language.
  • "And she is really disappointed about his appearance that she didn't expect" has been changed to "She was greatly disappointed by his appearance, as it was not what she had expected" for clearer phrasing.

 

 

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https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

 

 

 

Cambridge Dictionary | English Dictionary, Translations & Thesaurus

The most popular dictionary and thesaurus for learners of English. Meanings and definitions of words with pronunciations and translations.

dictionary.cambridge.org

 

 

 

https://en.dict.naver.com/#/main

 

네이버 영어사전

미국/영국식 발음, 여러 종류의 출판사 사전 뜻풀이, 풍부한 유의어/반의어, 대표사전 설정 기능, 상세검색 기능, 영어 단어장 제공

en.dict.naver.com

 

 

드디어 인사이드 아웃 영어 원서를 다 읽었다. 책에 등장했던 몰랐던 많은 단어들을 모아서 정리해볼 겸 Englsih 카테고리를 열었는데, 위 사이트에서 검색한 단어의 영문 정의들을 여기 가져와서 정리, 포스팅 할 생각이다. 캠브리지 영영사전 사이트와 네이버 영영사전, 영어사전을 같이 사용하였다. 그리고 단어 아래 예문은 실제 소설책에 등장했던 문장을 그대로 가져왔으며, 한 단어가 가진 많은 뜻 중에서도 소설 문맥의 흐름에 해당하는 정의만 가지고 와서 정리하였다.

 

 

 

 

*Beaming

adverb) 빛나는; 기쁨에 넘친, 희색이 만면한, 밝은

:used to describe a smile that is very wide and happy,

or someone who is smiling in this way:

- "Hello, Riley", said Mom, beaming.

 

 

 

  

*Witness

noun) 목격자 / verb 목격하다

: to see something happen, especially an accident or crime

- It was the memory of what Joy had just witnessed! 

 

 

 

*Somberly

adjective) 거무스름하게 , 수수하게 , 음침하게.

: in a way that is serious, sad, and without humor or entertainment.

Dark or dreary in character; joyless, and grim.

- "I'm Sadness." the blue newcomer said to joy, introducing herself somberly.

 

*Materialize

verb) (갑자기·불가사의하게) 나타나다

:  If a person or thing materializes, they suddenly appear, 

after they have been invisible or in another place. (=appear)

- Someone else materialized at the console and started working the controls.

 

*Newcomer

noun) 신인, 새로온 사람, 신참자

 A newcomer is a person who has recently arrived in a place, 

joined an organization, or started a new activity.

 

 

 

*Encounter

verb) (특히 반갑지 않은 일에) 맞닥뜨리다[부딪히다]

: If you encounter problems or difficulties, you experience them.

- He guided her whenever she encountered something he thought was dangerous.

 

*Store

verb) 저장[보관]하다

: to put or keep things in a special place for use in the future

: When you store things, you put them in a container or 

other place and leave them there until they are needed. (=keep)

- All of Riley's memories associated with Fear were stored in purple spheres.

 

 

 

 

*Heat something up

verb) ~을 뜨겁게 만들다, 데우다.

: to make something warm or hot

 

*Injustice

noun ) 불평등, 부당함

: a situation in which there is no fairness and justice

- Life's injustices reall heated him up!

 

*Scowl

Verb ) 노려[쏘아]보다 (=glower)

: to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression

- he was always ready to release a scowl, scream, or growl at any unfair situation.

 

*Content

Verb ) ~에 자족하다

: to make someone feel happy and satisfied

- Most of the time they were content to let Joy the console.

 

*Form

Verb )  형성되다, 형성시키다

: to begin to exist or to make something begin to exist

- They were formed when Riley had big "Life moments".

 

 

 

 

*Stretch over

Verb )  펼쳐놓다

 

*Ravin

Noun ) (좁고 험한) 산골짜기, 협곡 (=gorge)

- The core memories powered the Island of Personality with lightlines, 

which like electrical cords that stretched over a deep ravin from headquarteres to the actual islands.

 

 

 

 

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